Air Pollution Raises Risk of Heart Attacks and Diabetes; High-Risk Groups Urged to Stay Alert
Bhopal:
The health impact of air pollution is no longer limited to lung and respiratory diseases. Toxic air can also affect heart health and the body's metabolism. According to experts, extremely fine PM2.5 particles present in polluted air can increase inflammation and interfere with insulin function, potentially raising the risk of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The concern is greater for people already living with diabetes or heart conditions.
A global review published in the Journal of Vascular Diseases found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 10–16 per cent higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes for every 10 microgram-per-cubic-metre increase in its concentration. The analysis was based on 13 earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Researchers clarified that the findings indicate an association and do not establish direct causation.
Who Is at Greater Risk?
People with diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure, as well as older adults, may be more vulnerable to air pollution. Pregnant women, people living with obesity and those who work outdoors for long hours should also take extra precautions. The risk may be particularly concerning for individuals who have both diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
How Does Pollution Affect the Body?
PM2.5 particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and trigger inflammation and oxidative stress. These processes may damage the inner lining of blood vessels, contribute to arterial stiffness and promote plaque formation. Pollution may also affect insulin sensitivity, making blood sugar levels harder to control.
Precautions to Reduce the Risk
Avoid outdoor exercise when pollution levels are high. If going outside is necessary, wear a well-fitted N95 mask. A HEPA-filter air purifier may help improve indoor air quality. People with diabetes and heart disease should continue regular health check-ups and monitor their blood sugar and blood pressure. Chest pain, sudden breathlessness or severe palpitations require immediate medical attention.
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