CNN Central News & Network–ITDC India Epress/ITDC News Bhopal: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Impact and Prevention in India

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has emerged as a significant respiratory pathogen, affecting people worldwide, especially in India. Discovered in 2001, this virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and causes illnesses ranging from mild colds to severe respiratory infections. It particularly impacts children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

HMPV in India

In India, respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five years of age. HMPV significantly contributes to this health issue. Studies reveal that HMPV infections peak during seasonal changes, particularly in winters and monsoons. Overcrowding in urban slums and limited healthcare access in rural areas exacerbate the problem.

HMPV symptoms resemble those of other respiratory viruses like influenza and COVID-19, including fever, cough, nasal congestion, and breathing difficulties. Severe cases may lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia, requiring hospitalization.

Prevention and Control Measures

Preventing HMPV infections is the most effective way to control its spread. Below are some recommended strategies:

Maintain Hygiene

Wash hands regularly with soap and water or use alcohol-based sanitizers.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing.

Clean frequently-touched surfaces, such as door handles and tables, regularly.

Vaccine Research

Currently, no vaccine is available for HMPV. However, ongoing research worldwide and in India shows promise. Increased investment and government support are essential for vaccine development.

Awareness Campaigns

Educating the public about HMPV can help reduce its spread.

Organize educational programs in schools, workplaces, and healthcare centers to encourage early symptom recognition and timely medical assistance.

Strengthening Healthcare Systems

Equip India’s healthcare infrastructure with advanced tools for early diagnosis of HMPV.

Train healthcare professionals, improve emergency services, and ensure the availability of essential medicines.

Targeted Measures for Vulnerable Groups

Focus on regular health check-ups, improved nutrition, and reducing exposure to crowded areas for high-risk groups like children and the elderly.

Do’s and Don’ts

Do’s:

Wash hands regularly with soap and water.

Use a tissue or elbow while coughing or sneezing.

Wear masks in public places.

Drink plenty of water and maintain a nutritious diet.

Maintain distance from infected individuals.

Avoid crowded areas.

Don’ts:

Do not touch your face, especially eyes, nose, and mouth, without washing your hands.

Avoid sharing utensils, clothes, or personal items with infected persons.

Do not spend extended time in poorly ventilated or crowded spaces.

Never neglect to cover your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing.

Do not ignore symptoms; seek immediate medical assistance.

Immunity-Boosting Foods

Incorporate the following into your diet to strengthen immunity:

Fruits and Vegetables: Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons), papaya, carrots, spinach, and broccoli.

Superfoods: Turmeric, ginger, garlic, and amla.

Nuts and Seeds: Almonds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds.

Protein Sources: Lentils, peanuts, eggs, and chicken.

Dairy Products: Milk, yogurt, and cheese.

Water and Herbal Teas: Drink plenty of water and consume herbal teas with tulsi or ginger.

Including these in your daily diet can boost immunity and protect against infections.

Future Suggestions

As a rapidly developing nation, India needs a multifaceted approach to combat HMPV and other respiratory pathogens. This includes strengthening research initiatives, promoting public health policies, and ensuring equitable access to healthcare.

Fighting HMPV requires collective efforts from policymakers, healthcare professionals, researchers, and the public. By raising awareness, following preventive measures, and supporting scientific advancements, we can reduce the burden of this virus and protect the health of our communities.

About the Expert

Professor (Dr.) Sailesh Kumar Ghatuari is an experienced academic and health expert specializing in pharmaceutical science and public health. He currently serves as the Dean of Pharmacy at Bhabha University, Bhopal.

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