Green firecrackers have been developed as an alternative to reduce air and noise pollution caused by firecrackers during Diwali. However, green firecrackers do not mean pollution-free firecrackers. They are prepared through special chemical formulations so that, compared with conventional firecrackers, they emit less smoke, harmful gases and fine particles. But for any firecracker to be called green, it must pass scientific testing and meet prescribed standards.
1. Chemical composition is modified
In green firecrackers, the quantity and composition of traditional chemicals are changed. The aim is to make the burning process of the firecracker more effective and reduce the emission of polluting elements. Banned chemicals such as barium are not used in them. Some formulations also use special additives, which help reduce the emission of dust and fine particles.
2. At least 30 percent reduction in pollution is necessary
According to the standards of the CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), green firecrackers should emit at least 30 percent less particulate matter compared with conventional firecrackers. Another standard is that there should be at least a 20 percent reduction in particulate matter and at least a 10 percent reduction in gaseous pollutants.
3. Testing is conducted in a special chamber
At CSIR-NEERI’s laboratory in Nagpur, firecrackers are burned in a controlled testing chamber. During this process, PM2.5 and PM10 particles released are collected using special equipment. Gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are also tested. The results are then compared with a conventional firecracker of the same category.
4. Sound is also tested
In the testing of green firecrackers, not only smoke and gases but also sound is measured. For this, a special category sound meter is used, which can record the sudden loud blast of a firecracker. Compliance with the prescribed sound limit is also necessary.
5. Green status is granted only after certification
Firecracker manufacturers have to get their products tested under the prescribed process. The manufacturer must have the required licence from the Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO). CSIR-NEERI provides information on registered manufacturers and approved products. The product and manufacturer-related information can be verified through the QR code given on the packet.
Green does not mean completely safe
According to experts, green firecrackers cause less pollution than conventional firecrackers, but they still produce smoke, dust and noise. Therefore, it is not correct to consider them completely environment-friendly or safe for health. Bursting fewer firecrackers during Diwali and giving priority to traditional lighting options can be a more effective step towards reducing pollution.
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