CNN Central News & Networks / ITDC India ePress / ITDC News /Agencies/ Bhopal: Intoxicants affect the brain as soon as they enter the body, while health deteriorates gradually.
Addiction does not affect only a person’s habits; it can also affect the functioning of the brain, heart, lungs, liver and the entire body. Alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opioids and other intoxicating substances work in different ways after entering the body. However, one of their main effects is on the brain and nervous system, where they influence the exchange of messages and the balance of brain chemicals.
What happens first after they enter the body? After an intoxicating substance enters the body, it is absorbed into the blood according to its type and the method of consumption. It then reaches different organs through the bloodstream. Many intoxicants reach the brain and alter the activity of chemicals such as dopamine. Dopamine is linked to the process of feeling happiness, motivation and reward. Because of this, a person may feel temporary pleasure or excitement. With repeated use, the brain’s natural reward system begins to be affected and dependence can develop.
The impact extends from the brain to the heart. Different intoxicating substances have different effects on the body. Some substances can increase heart rate and blood pressure, while others slow down breathing. Long-term alcohol consumption can damage the liver. Tobacco and smoking increase the risk of lung and heart-related diseases. Continuous substance use can also bring changes in memory, decision-making ability, concentration and behaviour.
Why does addiction become a serious problem? With continuous use, the body and brain can become accustomed to the intoxicating substance. In many cases, a person may feel the need for a larger quantity to get the same effect as before. When consumption is stopped, symptoms such as restlessness, sleep problems, irritability and others may appear. Quitting some substances suddenly can also be dangerous without medical supervision.
Seeking help on time is essential. Substance dependence is a treatable health problem. Medical advice, counselling, behavioural treatment and medicines as required can help a person come out of it. If someone has difficulty breathing, loses consciousness or has seizures after substance use, emergency medical assistance should be sought immediately.
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