Sun, Jan 28, 2024
Sun, Jan 28, 2024
ITDC INIDA EPRESS/ ITDC NEWS: In a recent study published in Nutrients, researchers evaluated the association between Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and lipid profiles among disease-free community residents who participated in the Colaus|PsyCoLaus study.
Background
MD, enriched with vital micronutrients, fiber, and antioxidants, has been demonstrated to considerably improve cardiovascular health and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels must be reduced to promote cardiovascular health. MD is characterized by an increased intake of plant-origin foods, a moderate to low intake of dairy products, fish, and wine, and a low intake of red meat and sweets.
The link between MD and lipids has been determined to be weak to moderate, owing to confounding factors such as healthy practices and small sample sizes. To further understand the link between MD and lipid profile, prospective studies with greater levels of evidence are necessary.
About the study
In the present study, researchers investigated whether adherence to MD significantly altered lipid composition/incident dyslipidemia among Colaus|PsyCoLaus participants.
Three studies with cross-sectional designs were conducted analyzing data from the initial follow-up (FU1, between April 2009 and September 2012), the second follow-up (FU2, between May 2014 and April 2017), and the third follow-up (FU3, April between 2018 and May 2021) of the population-based CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (n=19,830), undertaken in Lausanne, Switzerland, including Caucasian individuals aged 35 to 75 years.
Only individuals who completed the first and either the second or third follow-up were included. Individuals with missing data on covariates and variables necessary for dietary evaluation or lipid composition assessment were excluded.
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Multivariate modeling and logistic regressions were performed. Food intake in the previous four weeks was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs).
Two Mediterranean diet scores (Vormund and Trichopoulou) were computed, and the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were monitored. New-onset dyslipidemia was described as hypolipidemic therapy initiation at the second or third follow-up.
The study participants were subjected to similar interventions at study initiation and follow-ups, including interviews, clinical assessments, serum and urine sample collection, and lifestyle and health questionnaires.
The study objectives were to determine the link between the Mediterranean diet scores at FU1 and (i) lipid levels/hypolipidemic therapy at the initial follow-up, (ii) new-onset dyslipidemia among untreated individuals at the initial follow-up, and (iii) alterations in total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol between the initial and the subsequent follow-ups among individuals with and without statin treatments at follow-up.
Results
Of 5,064 individuals from FU1, 815 were eliminated, and the remaining 4,249 individuals (84%) were analyzed. Among the study participants, 54% were women, with a mean age of 58 years and scores of 4.0 and 7.0 for Trichopoulou and Vormund assessments, respectively.
The sample population included more Swiss-born, better-educated, non-smoking individuals residing with others and had higher MD scores with a lower likelihood of being diabetic, hypertensive, or obese.
None of the Mediterranean diet scores showed significant associations with lipid profiles, and comparable findings were reported stratifying by hypolipidemic status. Of 3,092 untreated FU1 individuals with complete follow-up information, 11% (n=349) received dyslipidemia diagnosis by the second or third follow-up. Individuals who received treatment for incident dyslipidemia were of advanced age, smokers, less educated, overweight, diabetic, and hypertensive.
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