CNN Central News & Network-ITDC India Epress/ITDC News Bhopal: Rising AQI can affect brain health and increase stroke risk
Rising levels of air pollution are not limited to lung and respiratory diseases alone; they can also affect heart and brain health. Prolonged exposure to fine pollutant particles present in the air can increase the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. According to experts, extremely small particles such as PM2.5 are a particular health concern because they can enter the body through breathing and adversely affect inflammation and blood vessels.
What happens to the body when AQI rises? The Air Quality Index, or AQI, is a way to understand the level of pollution in the air. When AQI worsens, exposure to pollutants in the air can pose greater health risks. Vehicle smoke, industrial emissions, dust from construction activity and other sources contribute to air pollution.
PM2.5 particles are so small that they can reach deep inside the lungs while breathing. Exposure to them can cause inflammation, oxidative stress and disruption in the normal functioning of blood vessels. This can also affect blood pressure and the process of blood clot formation. These changes have been linked to serious health risks such as stroke and heart attack.
How can brain blood vessels be affected? A stroke occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. When blood flow stops, brain cells do not get enough oxygen and begin to suffer damage. Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with an increased risk of stroke.
Pollution can influence inflammation in blood vessels, increased blood pressure and the tendency of blood to clot. However, it would not be correct to say that a rise in AQI directly blocks the brain vessels of every person. Several factors, including age, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol and heart-related diseases, can also be responsible for stroke.
Who needs to be more cautious? Children, the elderly, pregnant women and people already suffering from heart or lung disease should take special precautions in poor air quality. Exposure to pollution can also create additional risk for people with high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease.
If the AQI is in the poor or very poor category, avoid exercising outdoors for long periods. Plan activities after checking local pollution levels. If required, a good-quality, properly fitting N95 mask may be used. Limit activities inside the home that generate smoke and, where possible, use a suitable air purifier.
Recognising stroke symptoms is extremely important. Stroke symptoms can appear suddenly. These include drooping on one side of the face, weakness or numbness in one arm or leg, difficulty speaking, sudden weakening of vision, loss of balance and severe headache. If such symptoms appear, seek emergency medical help immediately. Do not wait for symptoms to go away on their own, because time is extremely important in stroke treatment.
What should be done to protect against pollution? To reduce the impact of air pollution, keep regular track of AQI, limit outdoor activities during poor air quality and try to reduce dust and smoke inside the home. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and control of blood pressure and diabetes are also important for overall health.
Conclusion: Rising air pollution is not only a respiratory problem. It can also affect the health of the blood vessels of the heart and brain. Protection from pollution and recognition of early signs of stroke can help reduce serious complications.
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