The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a new safety warning over popular GLP-1 drugs used for diabetes and weight loss. The agency has directed that the labels of all drugs in this category, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, record the possible risk of a rare but serious eye-related condition. The condition is called non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), commonly referred to as an “eye stroke.”
In this condition, blood flow to the front part of the eye’s optic nerve is reduced. As a result, vision in one eye can suddenly and painlessly decline. In some cases, it can also cause permanent damage to vision. Sudden blurred vision after waking up in the morning, darkness or a blank area appearing in front of the eye, changes in colour recognition and a reduced field of vision are among its main symptoms.
How much can the risk increase?
The FDA analysed data from more than 134,000 people included in 126 clinical trials. Among those taking GLP-1 drugs, 6.4 cases were found per 100,000 person-years, while the figure in the comparison group was 3.8. However, the condition is rare, and the available data do not directly prove that the drugs themselves are the cause.
What precautions should patients take?
The FDA has advised people to contact a doctor immediately if vision in one eye suddenly decreases or if there is any change in vision. According to experts, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, sleep apnea and kidney-related problems may also be linked to the risk of this condition.
Patients taking these medicines should not stop treatment without medical advice. If an eye stroke is confirmed, it is important to decide with a doctor whether to continue or stop the medication.
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